Effect and Mechanism of VR Exercise Therapy on Improving Physical Function in Elderly Patients with Parkinson's Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58557/(ijeh).v5i3.349Kata Kunci:
Parkinson's disease, Physical function, VR exercise therapy, Virtual reality technologyAbstrak
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the elderly, leading to significant impairments in mobility, limb dysfunction, and an increased risk of falls, while also deteriorating emotional, cognitive, and sleep functions, ultimately reducing the overall quality of life. Despite pharmacological treatments, non-drug interventions are essential to address these multidimensional challenges. Virtual reality (VR) exercise therapy, an interactive approach combining exercise and cognitive stimulation, has emerged as a potential non-pharmacological intervention for PD. This review aims to evaluate the impact of VR exercise therapy on the physical and cognitive functions of PD patients. A systematic search of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Google Scholar, was conducted to identify relevant studies examining the effects of VR therapy on PD patients. The review found that the pathogenesis of PD, characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, can be partially addressed by VR therapy. VR exercise therapy enhances motor function, improves cognitive abilities, and positively affects specific physiological indicators. Furthermore, VR therapy’s interactive nature allows for tailored exercise regimens, which help in muscle and nerve function improvement. The results indicate that VR exercise therapy can be an effective intervention for improving motor and cognitive functions in PD patients. However, long-term engagement is essential to maintain its therapeutic benefits. Based on the findings, we recommend that healthcare providers consider integrating VR exercise therapy into PD treatment plans as part of a comprehensive, non-pharmacological approach, while encouraging sustained usage for lasting improvements
Referensi
Ahlskog, J. E., & Muenter, M. D. (2001). Frequency of levodopa-related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature. Movement Disorders, 16(3), 448-458. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.1090
Alamri, Y., Macaskill, M., Anderson, T., et al. (2015). Parkinson’s disease in the Gulf countries: An updated review. European Neurology, 74(3-4), 222-225. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442283
Bekkers, E. M. J., Mirelman, A., Alcock, L., et al. (2020). Do patients with Parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait respond differently than those without to treadmill training augmented by virtual reality? Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 34(5), 440-449. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968320912756
Bohil, C. J., Alicea, B., & Biocca, F. A. (2011). Virtual reality in neuroscience research and therapy. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12(12), 752-762. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3122
Canning, C. G., Allen, N. E., Nackaerts, E., et al. (2020). Virtual reality in research and rehabilitation of gait and balance in Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Neurology, 16(8), 409-425. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-020-0370-2
Cano-de-la-Cuerda, R., Pérez-de-Heredia, M., Miangolarra-Page, J. C., et al. (2010). Is there muscular weakness in Parkinson’s disease? American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 89(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181a9ed9b
Chen, H., Ding, D., Wang, J., et al. (2015). Parkinson’s disease research in a prospective cohort in China. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 21(10), 1200-1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.08.020
Dibble, L. E., Nicholson, D. E., Shultz, B., et al. (2004). Sensory cueing effects on maximal speed gait initiation in persons with Parkinson’s disease and healthy elders. Gait & Posture, 19(3), 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(03)00065-1
Dotchin, C., Msuya, O., Kissima, J., et al. (2008). The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in rural Tanzania. Movement Disorders, 23(11), 1567-1672. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21898
Fereshtehnejad, S. M., Yao, C., Pelletier, A., et al. (2019). Evolution of prodromal Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: A prospective study. Brain, 142(7), 2051-2067. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz111
García-López, H., Obrero-Gaitán, E., Castro-Sánchez, A. M., et al. (2021). Non-immersive virtual reality to improve balance and reduce risk of falls in people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review. Brain Sciences, 11(11), 1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111435
Gulcan, K., Guclu-Gunduz, A., Yasar, E., et al. (2022). The effects of augmented and virtual reality gait training on balance and gait in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-022-02147-0
Hashemi, Y., Taghizadeh, G., Azad, A., et al. (2022). The effects of supervised and non-supervised upper limb virtual reality exercises on upper limb sensory-motor functions in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Human Movement Science, 85, 102977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2022.102977
Heumann, R., Moratalla, R., Herrero, M. T., et al. (2014). Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease: Mechanisms and current non-pharmacological interventions. Journal of Neurochemistry, 130(4), 472-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12751
Hong, Z. M., Qiu, J. F., Zhang, S. Q., et al. (2022). Jiao's scalp acupuncture combined with virtual reality technology rehabilitation training in the treatment of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial. China Acupuncture, 42(07), 726-730. https://doi.org/10.13703/j.0255-2930.20210804-0005
Hornykiewicz, O. (2006). The discovery of dopamine deficiency in the parkinsonian brain. In P. Riederer, H. Reichmann, M. B. H. Youdim, et al. (Eds.), Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders (pp. 9-15). Springer Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-45295-0_3
Ju-Ling, S., & Yu-Jen, H. (2016). Advancing adventure education using digital motion-sensing games. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(4), 178-189.
Kashif, M., Ahmad, A., Bandpei, M. A. M., et al. (2022). Combined effects of virtual reality techniques and motor imagery on balance, motor function, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics, 22, 381. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03035-1
Lange, B. S., Requejo, P., Flynn, S. M., et al. (2010). The potential of virtual reality and gaming to assist successful aging with disability. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 21(2), 339-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2009.12.007
Manson, A., Stirpe, P., & Schrag, A. (2012). Levodopa-induced-dyskinesias: Clinical features, incidence, risk factors, management and impact on quality of life. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 2(3), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-2012-120103
Maschke, M., Tuite, P. J., Krawczewski, K., et al. (2006). Perception of heaviness in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 21(7), 1013-1018. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20876
Matijević, V., Šečić, A., & Mašić, V. (2013). Virtual reality in rehabilitation and therapy. Acta Clin Croat, 52(4).
Moustafa, A. A., Chakravarthy, S., Phillips, J. R., et al. (2016). Motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: A unified framework. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 68, 727-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.010
Mujber, T. S., SzeCSI, T., & Hashmi, M. S. J. (2004). Virtual reality applications in manufacturing process simulation. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 155-156, 1834-1838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.401
Obeso, J. A., Rodriguez-Oroz, M. C., Goetz, C. G., et al. (2010). Missing pieces in the Parkinson’s disease puzzle. Nature Medicine, 16(6), 653-661. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2165
Papastergiou, M. (2009). Exploring the potential of computer and video games for health and physical education: A literature review. Computers & Education, 53(3), 603-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.04.001
Pazzaglia, C., Imbimbo, I., Tranchita, E., et al. (2020). Comparison of virtual reality rehabilitation and conventional rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease: A randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy, 106, 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2019.12.007
Scheer, K. S., Siebrant, S. M., Brown, G. A., et al. (2014). Wii, Kinect, and Move. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, and ventilation due to different physically active video game systems in college students. International Journal of Exercise Science, 7(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.70252/XHTR7649
Staiano, A. E., & Calvert, S. L. (2011). Exergames for physical education courses: Physical, social, and cognitive benefits. Child Development Perspectives, 5(2), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00162.x
Sun, L. C., & Chen, R. (2020). Effect of virtual reality balance game combined with intensive muscle strength training on balance function and motor ability of patients with Parkinson's disease. Journal of Hainan Medical College, 26(09), 655-658+663. https://doi.org/10.13210/j.cnki.jhmu.20200304.007
Wen, X. D. (2011). Research progress in clinical drug treatment of Parkinson's disease. China Contemporary Medicine, 18(25), 18-20.
Zhang, L. M., Gao, L., et al. (2023). Clinical efficacy of virtual reality technology combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. China Rehabilitation, 38(03), 148-152.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Xiaodong Liao, Jiong Luo
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
